GLP-1 + GID

This GLP-1 / GIP dual receptor agonist reference standard is a synthetic 39-amino-acid peptide engineered to engage both the glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1R) and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIPR) receptors. Investigators developed the construct as a structurally defined research material in the dual-incretin-agonist class, with backbone-stabilizing substitutions and a fatty-diacid acylation moiety driving extended plasma residence through albumin binding. The peer-reviewed literature catalogs the molecule across metabolic-pathway research, dual-incretin-receptor pharmacology investigations, and structure-activity studies dissecting selectivity between GLP-1R and GIPR engagement. Molecular identity is fixed by sequence and structural confirmation against PubChem CID 166567236, empirical formula C225H348N48O68, with CAS Registry Number 2023788-19-2. Supplied for laboratory characterization, in-vitro receptor-binding work, and in-cell signaling studies only. For research use only; not for human consumption, medical use, or veterinary application.

The molecule is a 39-residue peptide whose sequence blends GLP-1 and GIP determinants to support engagement of both class B GPCRs documented in the literature. Aminoisobutyric-acid substitutions confer DPP-IV resistance, and a γ-glutamic-acid linker bearing a C20 fatty diacid moiety on a lysine side chain drives high-affinity reversible albumin binding. Pharmacokinetic descriptors documented in published animal-model investigations include multi-day plasma residence under standard parenteral paradigms — characteristic of fatty-acid-acylated peptide analogs. Interaction profile in the literature spans GLP-1R cAMP activation, GIPR cAMP activation with documented signaling-bias relative to native GIP, β-cell co-engagement investigations, and metabolic-pathway research. All activity descriptors here are framed as documented in published work. Structural confirmation is established by mass spectrometry and HPLC-validated purity on each Certificate of Analysis.

Experimental domains documented in the published literature include dual GLP-1R / GIPR binding-affinity studies, signaling-bias investigations probing the relative engagement of the two receptors, β-cell co-stimulation paradigms in pancreatic-islet preparations, structure-activity work dissecting the contributions of GLP-1 versus GIP sequence elements to dual-agonist activity, metabolic-pathway research in cell-culture and animal-model contexts, and comparative work alongside selective GLP-1R agonists and selective GIPR agonists. Investigators have also characterized the molecule in studies of receptor heteromer formation and downstream cAMP-signaling kinetics in receptor-co-expressing cell lines. Use in laboratory research extends to mechanism-elucidation paradigms where the construct serves as a defined dual-incretin reference. The reference standard is supplied for these and equivalent in-vitro and animal-model experimental contexts only, with no associated guidance for human, clinical, or veterinary application.

Each lot is characterized by reverse-phase HPLC for chromatographic purity and by mass spectrometry for molecular-ion confirmation against the C225H348N48O68 empirical formula. Purity is reported as an HPLC-area percentage on the Certificate of Analysis distributed with every lot, alongside the molecular-weight match within instrument tolerance. The acylation site and fatty-diacid stoichiometry are confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry when included in the lot's release specification. Peptide content where applicable is determined by amino-acid analysis or nitrogen-content assay following the analytical method specified on the COA. Residual solvent and water content are reported categorically when these parameters are part of the lot's release specification. The COA records the lot identifier, manufacturing date, and analytical method versions used. Researchers requiring batch-level analytical detail should reference the COA distributed with the supplied material.

For laboratory storage, the lyophilized reference standard should be held at −20°C in its sealed, light-protected container until ready for analytical use. Allow vials to equilibrate to ambient temperature before opening to avoid moisture condensation on the lyophile. Reconstitution for in-vitro experimental use is typically performed in bacteriostatic water or a researcher-selected buffer compatible with the downstream assay; once reconstituted, store the working solution at 2–8°C and characterize stability in the relevant buffer prior to extended storage. Acylated peptide analogs may exhibit aggregation behavior in some buffer systems — assay-specific stability characterization is recommended. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles of reconstituted material — single-use aliquots are preferred for experiments where peptide integrity is assay-critical. These handling parameters do not constitute preparation guidance for human or veterinary application.